Database is a collection of interrelated data managed by a Database Management System (DBMS), such as RDBMS which organizes data into tables. SQL (Structured Query Language) is used for CRUD operations - CREATE, READ, UPDATE, DELETE. SQL is a language for interacting with databases, while MySQL is an RDBMS utilizing SQL.
SQL Data Types determine the type of data stored in tables or variables, with commonly used types like CHAR, VARCHAR, INT, BLOB, among others. Data Query Language (DQL) is used to retrieve data, while Data Definition Language (DDL) is for defining database structures.
DDL commands like CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE, CREATE INDEX, among others, are used to manage database objects. DQL focuses on retrieving data using commands like SELECT, WHERE, DISTINCT, LIKE, IN, BETWEEN, IS NULL, AS, and ORDER BY for sorting results.