ISSN (online) : 2815-1135
A Book Of Research Conference Abstracts Published by Philippine Women’s University Manila, Philippines www.pwu.edu.ph © Philippine Copyright 2021 by the Philippine Women’s University ISSN (Print): 2815-1143 ISSN (Online): 2815-1135 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Except in the form of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews, portions of this Book of Abstracts may not be used or reproduced in any manner or form without the prior written permission of the RDO Director. Inquiries and permission should be addressed to: Research and Development Office Philippine Women’s University 1743 Taft Avenue, 1004 Manila, Philippines Tel no. +63(2) 8465-1777 Fax no. +63(2) 8526-6935 rdo@pwu.edu.ph www.pwu.edu.ph/research.html Layout Artist: Mr. Jesus A. Sy
búgkos n [ Cebuano]: bigkís: bond; bundle. Búgkos: A Book of Research Conference Abstracts. It is a scholarly album of research conference abstracts presented by the PWU authors, researchers and scholars during the official PWU-RDO research festivals. It is released annually with Special Issues within the Academic Year at Philippine Women’s University. Its maiden publication was released in November 2021 during the height of COVID-19 pandemic. BÚGKOS: A BOOK OF RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS i
Dr. Felina Young, University Chancellor and SVPAA, Dr. Lio Munalim, Research Director and Dean of the School of Arts and Sciences, our distinguished keynote speaker, Dr. Peu Ghosh, our hard working and dedicated faculty and administrators, the organizers and presenters for today’s event, students, and guests watching on our social media platforms, good morning. It gives me great pleasure and pride to welcome all of you to the first ever virtual research festival, entitled Impact 2021: PWU Research Festival Beyond Borders. I’d like to congratulate the organizers of this event, led by our dynamic Research Director, Dr. Lio Munalim, for a well organized and publicized activity, taking into consideration the different facets and challenges of this virtual environment. Of course, congratulations as well to all of our presenters for today’s research festival, for gamely accepting the challenge to submit and present their research papers in a forum such as this. It is impressive to note that we have a wide range of presenters, both undergraduate and graduate students, faculty from basic education and tertiary levels and across our various clusters such as Health, Business, Education, and the Creative Arts, demonstrating that this culture of research has indeed permeated throughout the university. As Dr. Felina C. Young had succinctly put it, it is the strategic direction of the university to foster this culture of research and scientific inquiry and the production of creative works among the community of faculty, students and non-teaching personnel. This is embodied in PWU’s Vision statement - that of developing individuals not only through excellence in teaching, but also through relevant and dynamic research. It is incumbent upon us, as a University, to push the boundaries of the fields of knowledge, by fostering in our community this zeal for the continuous quest for knowledge through research, publication, and lifelong learning. If there is one thing which the global pandemic has taught us, it is that humanity has increasingly become interconnected. Just as the virus was able to spread across countries and continents without regard for geographical borders; access to information powered by the internet and digital technologies has allowed scientists, data analysts, and even ordinary individuals such as ourselves to gain access to real-time information on case counts, vaccine formulations, and the latest epidemiological trends like never before. Thus, despite many of us being confined by community quarantines for the better part of 2 years, learning and research has not stopped. For this reason also, the theme of this research festival is truly appropriate. ii BÚGKOS: A BOOK OF RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
4.0’s artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of Things becoming mainstream, and more so ushering in the 5th industrial revolution where these technologies and systems become more and more intertwined with human intelligence and creativity, an individual’s greatest asset becomes his or her desire for continuous learning and growth. Today’s Research festival is a major step forward for the University in fostering this culture of research, collaboration, and continuous improvement. The wide range of research studies that will be presented today are a reflection of the various research agenda the University has put forth, as well as the relevant issues arising from nearly 2 years in the pandemic. Today’s event, which I’m sure is only the first of many, is a testament to the resilience of our students, faculty and personnel, and their success in overcoming these challenges. And it is also symbolic of the revitalized spirit of the University, our ambitious dreams, and our readiness to face the challenges of this VUCA world. Congratulations once again to the organizers, and our presenters. May you inspire your colleagues to follow your lead in succeeding research festivals. Thank you very much and I look forward to today’s sessions. Congratulations on the Maiden Issue of Búgkos. University President Mr. Marco Alfredo M. Benitez BÚGKOS: A BOOK OF RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS iii
Congratulations to the maiden issue of Búgkos! As research takes its cue from the current issues and concerns happening in the global landscape, the horizon of conducting scientific investigations and undertaking creative works has concomitantly broadened in scope and depth. Problems and considerations, as well as, points of interest have become more compelling to the ordinary researcher. Areas of curiosity and appeal have heightened the urge in researchers to either pursue serious studies and/or to design valuable creative works. At Philippine Women’s Univesity, we realize the importance of research. Adopting and actualizing a research culture is a gargantuan task but the deliberate efforts being undertaken in the University to achieve this goal is bright and encouraging. The holding of a research festival and the subsequent publication of Bugkos is a first in the history of PWU. This research activity is an evident affirmation and assertion of Philippine Women’s University’s emphasis on nurturing a research culture among its students, faculty and non-academic personnel. A compilation of conference proceedings, the conduct of IMPACT 2021: Research Festival Beyond Borders reinforces the strategic thrust and direction of the University to pursue scientific studies and/or to produce creative works. We are glad that our PWU community surprisingly responded to this academic activity where 38 researches were submitted for inclusion and participation. These paper presentations demonstrate the scholarly and creative efforts of our students and faculty to undertake serious and diligent searches, to systematically investigate data and information, to validate existing studies, and to even discover new frontiers in knowledge. In addition, these research studies will gradually cultivate in all of us respect for the art of scientific inquiry and stir in us an aspiration for creativity. Lastly, these efforts will progressivelly develop in our students and faculty that much desired selfconfidence and mindset of continuous research growth and innovation. After all, we are a University. With Bugkos, we can proudly and confidently say, “we are on track.” Chancellor Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs Full Prof. Dr. Felina C. Young iv BÚGKOS: A BOOK OF RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
The massive disruption caused by the COVID-19 has allowed us to pause for a moment and reflect on the inherent value of research writing, publication, and dissemination. The pandemic reminds us all over and over again the need for research, innovation, and discovery. The pandemic foreshadows our responsibility for the future. Thus, we ask the question, “What opportunities can be seized to address the needs of the society, especially that we have become spectators of the sufferings of others?” This essential question has consequently raised many enduring questions, to mention one, “What research should we produce and share?” The answer is yours, of course. And the answer to this question entails a shift in our mindset to place greater focus on research that truly matters – not just research for requirements, promotion and personal prestige. For sure, our best research policy is to never stop researching, as we create and design a future that we believe is beneficial to all of us. We live in an epoch when the creation of knowledge is not only an individual responsibility, but a collective endeavor. We need research outputs that will propel us closer toward an ideal future. We never stop thinking, we never stop writing! It is in these backdrops to assert that this November 20, 2021 research colloquy titled, IMPACT 2021: Research Festival Beyond Borders is yet another affirmation of the PWU’s unflagging commitment to amalgamating the body of current knowledge with its eclectic orientation, and to providing the best venue for research dissemination. These 40 conference papers / abstracts likewise resonate the PWU’s strong resolve to a pluralistic orientation in its research-tuition-learning process both in the undergraduate and graduate levels because we have the collective responsibility for a better humanity. May all of our ennobling qualities underlying our revitalized research culture at PWU allow us to move to a higher echelon of knowledge construction and generation with or without any social crisis. Enjoy the research conference, write on, and read on with gusto Philwomenian researchers! Publish and Flourish! Publish to Flourish! Full Prof. Dr. Leonardo Munalim, LPT Convener; RDO Director IMPACT 2021: PWU Research Festival Beyond Borders BÚGKOS: A BOOK OF RESEARCH CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS v
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