Professor Emerita of Occupational Therapy, Quinnipiac University Hamden, Connecticut ROSEANNA TUFANO, LMFT, OTR/L Department of Occupational Therapy, Quinnipiac University Hamden, Connecticut
Vice President, Editorial: Jennifer Kilpatrick Vice President, Marketing: Mary Sasso Acquisitions Editor: Brien Cummings Managing Editor: Allegra Tiver Creative Director: Thomas Cavallaro Cover Artist: Justin Dalton Project Editor: Joseph Magaletta SLACK Incorporated 6900 Grove Road Thorofare, NJ 08086 USA 856-848-1000 Fax: 856-848-6091 www.Healio.com/books © 2020 by SLACK Incorporated Applied Theories in Occupational Therapy: A Practical Approach, Second Edition includes ancillary materials specifically available for faculty use. Included are PowerPoint slides. Please visit www.efacultylounge.com to obtain access. Cover Design: Since the very complex “theory tree” of the last edition, the occupational therapy profession has simplified its focus by placing occupation at the center of both theory and practice. The trunk of the palm tree now represents occupation. Each frond represents a different occupation-based model. The coconuts at the center represent the frames of reference we can choose from to solve specific problems. You can find another illustration of this theory tree on page 19. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. The procedures and practices described in this publication should be implemented in a manner consistent with the professional standards set for the circumstances that apply in each specific situation. Every effort has been made to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to correctly relate generally accepted practices. The authors, editors, and publisher cannot accept responsibility for errors or exclusions or for the outcome of the material presented herein. There is no expressed or implied warranty of this book or information imparted by it. Care has been taken to ensure that drug selection and dosages are in accordance with currently accepted/recommended practice. Off-label uses of drugs may be discussed. Due to continuing research, changes in government policy and regulations, and various effects of drug reactions and interactions, it is recommended that the reader carefully review all materials and literature provided for each drug, especially those that are new or not frequently used. Some drugs or devices in this publication have clearance for use in a restricted research setting by the Food and Drug and Administration or FDA. Each professional should determine the FDA status of any drug or device prior to use in their practice. Any review or mention of specific companies or products is not intended as an endorsement by the author or publisher. SLACK Incorporated uses a review process to evaluate submitted material. Prior to publication, educators or clinicians provide important feedback on the content that we publish. We welcome feedback on this work. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Cole, Marilyn B. 1945-, author. | Tufano, Roseanna, author. Title: Applied theories in occupational therapy : a practical approach / Marilyn B. Cole, Roseanna Tufano. Description: Second edition. | Thorofare, NJ : SLACK Incorporated, [2020] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2019034983 | ISBN 9781617116360 (paperback) | ISBN 9781630918316 (epub) | ISBN 9781630918323 (adobe pdf) Subjects: MESH: Occupational Therapy | Occupational Health | Models, Theoretical Classification: LCC RM735.4 | NLM WB 555 | DDC 615.8/515--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019034983 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/ For permission to reprint material in another publication, contact SLACK Incorporated. Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or academic use is granted by SLACK Incorporated provided that the appropriate fee is paid directly to Copyright Clearance Center. Prior to photocopying items, please contact the Copyright Clearance Center at 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; phone: 978-750-8400; website: www. copyright.com; email: info@copyright.com Printed in the United States of America. Last digit is print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Marilyn B. Cole: To my students, clients, and colleagues, and my family, children, and parents, who have collectively taught me more about occupational therapy, and about life, than words could ever express. Roseanna Tufano: To my loving husband Lou, who inspires me everyday to pursue knowledge with passion and vigor as our parents taught us.
Dedication .................................................................................................................................... v About the Authors ...........................................................................................................................ix Preface ........................................................................................................................................xi Section I: Applied Theories of Health and Wellness ...................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1. Current Trends: Occupational Therapy’s Visions for the Future .........................................................................3 • The American Occupational Therapy Association’s Centennial Visions....................................................................3 • Trends From the Slagle Lectures and AOTA’s Official Documents .............................................................................4 • The Evolution of Occupational Therapy ....................................................................................................................12 • Paradigm Shifts in 20th Century Occupational Therapy...........................................................................................15 • Theoretical History of Occupational Therapy ............................................................................................................16 • Learning Activities ......................................................................................................................................................24 Chapter 2. Models of Health and Wellness ..........................................................................................................................29 • The Medical Approach to Continuums of Care .........................................................................................................29 • The Biopsychosocial Model .........................................................................................................................................33 • A Global Perspective: The World Health Organization’s Model ...............................................................................34 • The Recovery Model in Mental Health ......................................................................................................................35 • A Client-Centered Model of Health Care ..................................................................................................................37 • Public Health Models of Health Care .........................................................................................................................40 • Wilcock’s Occupational Perspective of Health ...........................................................................................................42 • Learning Activities ......................................................................................................................................................50 Chapter 3. The New Paradigm of Occupation......................................................................................................................55 • Occupation as a Core Concept ...................................................................................................................................56 • Systems Theory ............................................................................................................................................................59 • Social Cognitive Theory .............................................................................................................................................62 • Future Directions for Occupational Therapy ..............................................................................................................71 • Learning Activities ......................................................................................................................................................77 Chapter 4. Organization of Theory in Occupational Therapy .............................................................................................83 • What Is Theory? ..........................................................................................................................................................83 • Levels of Theory ..........................................................................................................................................................84 • Contributions of Occupational Science ......................................................................................................................85 • Occupation-Based Models ...........................................................................................................................................91 • Frames of Reference .....................................................................................................................................................91 • How to Evaluate Models and Frames of Reference .....................................................................................................93 • Learning Activities ......................................................................................................................................................95 Section II: Occupation-Based Models .......................................................................................................... 101 Chapter 5. Occupational Behavior ......................................................................................................................................103 Chapter 6. Model of Human Occupation ...........................................................................................................................109 Chapter 7. The Person–Environment–Occupation–Performance Model ........................................................................... 127 Chapter 8. Occupational Adaptation ..................................................................................................................................139 Chapter 9. Ecology of Human Performance........................................................................................................................155 Chapter 10. International Models: Person–Environment–Occupation, ............................................................................. 165 Canadian Model of Occupational Performance, and Japanese Kawa Chapter 11. Model Integration ............................................................................................................................................ 179 Section III: Frames of Reference .................................................................................................................. 183 Chapter 12. Applied Behavioral Frames ............................................................................................................................. 185 Chapter 13. Cognitive Behavioral Frames ..........................................................................................................................197 Chapter 14. Social Cognition and Third Wave Cognitive Frames of Reference ............................................................... 215 Chapter 15. Biomechanical and Rehabilitative Frames ...................................................................................................... 227
CONTENTS Chapter 16. Allen’s Cognitive Levels Frame of Reference ..................................................................................................239 Chapter 17. Toglia’s Dynamic Interactional Approach .......................................................................................................263 Chapter 18. Ayres’ Sensory Integration Frame ................................................................................................................... 275 Chapter 19. Sensory Motor and Processing Frames ............................................................................................................287 Chapter 20. Motor Control Frames .....................................................................................................................................299 Chapter 21. Motor Learning and Task-Oriented Frames ....................................................................................................309 Chapter 22. Psychoanalytic Frames ..................................................................................................................................... 321 Chapter 23. Psychodynamic–Ego-Adaptive Frames ............................................................................................................339 Chapter 24. Frames of Reference Integration...................................................................................................................... 361 Appendix 1. Theories of Lifespan Development........................................................................................ 369 Appendix 2. An Existential/Humanistic Approach ....................................................................................391 Index ....................................................................................................................................... 399 Applied Theories in Occupational Therapy: A Practical Approach, Second Edition includes ancillary materials specifically available for faculty use. Included are PowerPoint slides. Please visit www.efacultylounge.com to obtain access.
Marilyn B. (Marli) Cole, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA, is an occupational therapy Professor Emerita at Quinnipiac University in Hamden, Connecticut. She is the author of Group Dynamics in Occupational Therapy, now in its fifth edition (SLACK Incorporated, 2018). Marli also coauthored textbooks on social participation (with Mary Donohue, 2011) and productive aging (with Karen Macdonald, 2015) and coedited Global Perspectives in Professional Reasoning (with Jennifer Creek, 2016), all published by SLACK Incorporated. A graduate of University of Pennsylvania, she practiced for 16 years in mental health, pediatrics, and geriatrics. She holds an advanced certification in sensory integration and has published chapters on theory development, client-centered groups, occupational therapy in retirement, volunteering, end of life, theories of aging, and occupational therapy in the third age (retirement). As an educator, she taught courses in therapeutic use of self, group leadership, frames of reference, psychopathology, geriatrics, group dynamics, evaluation, intervention, health conditions, problem-based learning, and research. As a fieldwork I coordinator, she developed student experiences in the United States, England, Costa Rica, and Australia. In 2011, she guest-edited a special edition of Occupational Therapy International on occupational therapy in the third age. Marli regularly presents at professional conferences, including the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA), the World Federation of Occupational Therapy, the Geriatric Society of America (GSA), and the International Positive Psychology Association (IPPA). At home in Stratford, Connecticut or Freeport, Bahamas, Marli and husband Martin Schiraldi enjoy traveling, cruising, sailing, hiking, biking, snorkeling, and fostering rescue dogs. Roseanna Tufano, LMFT, OTR/L, is a Clinical Professor of Occupational Therapy at Quinnipiac University. Since graduating with an occupational therapy degree in 1980, she has worked along a continuum of mental health services. Her teaching career at Quinnipiac University began in 1984, and she has taught courses primarily in occupational therapy theory development, health conditions/psychopathology, group dynamics, clinical reasoning, psychosocial adaptation to physical disorders, and mental health assessments and interventions across the lifespan. She has published several chapters on related topics and has presented locally and nationally for 3 decades. With her advanced degree in family therapy, Roseanna joins her husband Lou in a private practice called Enduring Families conducting individual, couple, marital, and family therapy. She recently served a 6-year term as Chair of the Board for a nonprofit mental health agency. Within the Quinnipiac University community, she advises and engages actively with students and has received several awards. Roseanna has been an invited motivational speaker for various student activities, including the Freshman Address at the University Convocation, where her daughter, Carissa, sat among the incoming class of 2006. Roseanna and Lou enjoy traveling, dancing, and spending family time with adult children Carissa and Brett, who were both married in 2017.
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