EDUC
EDUC
Module II: Biological Growth and Development
Introduction
This module focuses on the stages of human growth and development, including physical, cognitive, and psychosocial aspects. The discussion is based on Erikson's stages, which divide lifespan development into different age-based categories.
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Objectives
The objectives of this module include identifying the stages of prenatal development, understanding the impact of hazards on the developing embryo and fetus, discussing physical, cognitive, and emotional development from infancy to adolescence, comparing brain development stages, and analyzing factors affecting development such as maternal and child nutrition.
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Stages of Prenatal Development
Prenatal development progresses through three primary stages: the germinal stage, embryonic stage, and fetal stage. Each stage involves unique processes and milestones, shaping the growth of the baby from conception to birth.
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Embryonic Period
The embryonic stage, spanning weeks 3 to 8 after conception, is characterized by rapid cell division and differentiation. Various germ layers form, giving rise to different tissues and organs in the developing embryo. This period is crucial for the formation of essential structures like the brain, heart, and limbs.
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Fetal Stage
The fetal stage, from weeks 9 to 40 of gestation, marks significant growth and maturation of the developing fetus. Organ systems continue to develop, and the fetus undergoes substantial physical changes, preparing for birth. Each week brings new developments, culminating in a full-term baby ready for delivery.
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Hazards to Prenatal Development
Prenatal development is vulnerable to various hazards that can impact the health and well-being of the developing baby. Factors such as maternal nutrition, environmental exposures, and maternal health conditions can affect the course of pregnancy and fetal growth. Understanding these risks is essential for promoting a healthy prenatal environment.
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Think!
Reflect on the key points discussed in the module and explore additional resources to enhance your understanding of prenatal development. Consider the importance of prenatal care, the effects of substances like alcohol and nicotine on fetal development, and the significance of avoiding harmful behaviors during pregnancy.
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