DOBRESCU, DAN N. Computer stamps catalog Dan N. DOBRESCU, - Botoșani, AXA, 2020 Bibliogr. Index ISBN 978 - 973 - 660 - 425 - 6 978 - 973 - 660 - 427 - 0 (tome II) Cover Make-up Translation Checking translation Publishing house Manager Ioan DANILIUC, MD László KÁLLAI Dan N. DOBRESCU Dana - Ileana WILLIAMS, MD AXA, Botoșani, Romania Coriolan CHIRICHEȘ © Dan N. DOBRESCU - Computer stamps catalog All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior permission of the author.
---------------------------------------- Abacus The most important forerunner to the modern day computer was a calculating tool invented before the birth of Prcist: the abacus. The abacus was invented in China about 2600 B.C. This consists of beads or disks that can be moved up and down on a series of sticks or strings within wooden frame. The abacus itself doesn’t calculate; it’s a simple device that helps falling by remembering what has been counted. Calculation instrument represents, in its primitive form, a board covered with a layer of sand, on which lines were drawn with a sharp object. In the columns thus obtained, stones or other objects were placed in meaningful positions. In the ancient Rome, the abacus was called calculi or abaculi from which the words computers (to compute) and calculus (calculation) then derived. At the end of XV century, in Europe, a certain kind of abacus, known as abacus on lines, was widespread. This consisted of a lined board where the horizontal lines corresponded to units, tens, hundreds, etc., and the vertical lines signified different entities. Pope Sylvester II (983-1003), developed a more complex abacus which allowed people to perform calculations more quickly. Year 1938 1964 1966 1969 1970 1970 1971 1972 1972 1975 1976 1976 1977 1978 1979 1979 1980 1982 1984 1987 1987 1988 1991 1991 Country Hungary France Netherland Antilles Egypt Cuba Mauritius Congo Democratic Rep. Australia Surinam China, PR Burma China, PR Colombia Albania Central African Republic China, Republic of Syria Hungary Bhutan Germany, FRG Japan Ireland Mexico South Africa - Venda Cat. No. HU 01-02 FR 12 NEA 01 EGY 01 CUB 03 MAS 01 CDR 02 AU 03 SUR 01 PRC 02 BUR 01 PRC 03 COL 03 ALB 03 CEA 04 ROC 07 SY 02 HU 13 BHU 03 FRG 12 J 10 IRL 04 MEX 17 RSAV 03 ------------------ Catalog by categories A 1992 1995 1996 1996 1998 1999 1999 1999 2000 2001 2002 2005 2014 2016 Paraguay Philippines China, Republic of Egypt India Liberia Great Britain Slovenia China, Hong Kong China, Macao China, Hong Kong Israel Philippines Japan PAR 19 PH 06 ROC 26 EGY 04 IN 07 LBR 01 GB 16 SLO 06 HK 16 MAC 08 HK 22 IL 34 PH 17 J 23A ----------------------- Analogue computer An analogue computer is a form of computer that uses the continuously-changeable aspects of physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to model the problem being solved. In contrast, digital computers represent varying quantities incrementally, as their numerical values change. Year Country Cat. No. 1967 Sweden SWE 01 1977 Comoro Is. COM 06 1988 Gambia GAM 02 1993 Madagascar (Malagasy Republic) MDG 09 1993 Yugoslavia YU 11A 1995 Grenada GRE 11 2006 Greece GR 06 2007 Serbia SRB 00 2009 Guinea Bissau GUS 15 2018 Bosnia & Hertzegovina Serb Adm. Republlic of Srpska BHS 06 2018 Serbia SRB 07 ---------------------- Artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science which aims to create it. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as the science and engineering of making intelligent machines. The field was founded on the claim that a central property of human beings, intelligence - the sapience of Homo sapiens - can be precisely described that it can be simulated by a machine. The central problems of AI include traits as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. 3
Year Country 2000 Palau 2016 San Marino Cat. No. PAL 09 SAN 11 ------------------------------------- Astrolabe The astrolabe is a very ancient astronomical computer for solving problems relating to time and the position of the Sun and stars in the sky. Several types of astrolabes have been made. By far the most popular type is the planispheric astrolabe, on which the celestial sphere is projected onto the plane of equator. A typical old astrolabe was made of brass and was about 6 inches (15 cm) in diameter, although much larger and smaller ones were made. Year 1996 1998 1999 2000 2002 2006 Country Syria Uzbekistan Togo Guinea, Republic Portugal Greece Cat. No. SY 07 UZ 01 TOG 10 GUR 08 POR 24 GR 06 ----------------------- Augmented reality Augmented reality (AR-code) is a live, direct or indirect, view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are augmented (or supplemented) by computergenerated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data. It is related to a more general concept called mediated reality, in which a view of reality is modified (possibly even diminished rather than augmented) by a computer. As a result, the technology functions by enhancing one’s current perception of reality. By contrast, virtual reality replaces the real world with a simulated one. Augmentation is conventionally in real-time and in semantic context with environmental elements, such as sports scores on TV during a match. With the help of advanced AR technology (e.g. adding computer vision and object recognition) the information about the surrounding real world of the user becomes interactive and digitally manipulable. Artificial information about the environment and its objects can be overlaid on the real world. Year 2011 2011 2012 4 Country Netherland USA Canada Cat. No. NL 64 USA 73 CAN 53-55 --------------- Catalog by categories A-B 2012 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2019 2019 2020 Great Britain - Isle of Man Finland - Aland Is. Denmark - Faroe Islands Denmark - Greenland France Great Britain - Guernsey Great Britain - Jersey Iceland Liechtenstein Great Britain - Jersey Greece China, People’s Republic GBM 06 AL 04-05 FAR 09 GRO 03 FR 44 GBG 09 GBJ 06 IC 09 LIE 11 GBJ 07 GR 17 PRC 36 ----- Automated Teller Machine (ATM) ATM is a device used by bank customers to process account transactions a user inserts into the ATM a special plastic card (money card). Year 1986 1992 1998 2000 2001 2015 2015 2016 2018 2020 Country China, Republic of Algeria USA Botswana Fiji Trinidad & Tobago Turkey China, People’s Republic Ethiopia Malaysia Cat. No. ROC 12 ALG 04 USA 38 BOT 03 FJ 05 TRT 07 TU 21 PRC 27A ET 05 MLY 37 -------- Banking services and solutions Today no bank can succeed without computerization and on-line services. Almost everyone encounters computers in banks: automatic tellers and other personal banking machines are computerized and on-line. Most Postal Authorities have a bank - GIRO which provide limited banking services, such as money transfers, various payments and saving accounts. Year 1968 1977 1986 1986 1988 1990 1992 1992 1997 2015 2015 2016 Country France Singapore China, Republic of Brazil Costa Rica Thailand Pakistan Tanzania China, Hong Kong Estonia Estonia India Cat. No. FR 13 SIN03-04 ROC 12 BZ 14 COR 02 THI 09 PAK 03 TAN 03 HK 10 EES 02 EES05 IN 22
-------------------------------------- Barcode A barcode - the characters are represented by sets of parallel bars of varying thickness and separation. Several reading mechanisms exist, such as light pens and optical scanners. Barcode as product identifier. Received the same bar code, because identifier the standard postage. Romania introduced this technology in 1996 and South Africa in 2000. Barcode to identify certain classes of mail. Few countries have issued stamps with bar codes incorporated in the design to assist in the automatic sorting of this type of mail. Barcode as postal codes. The postal code on the envelope is encoded electronically in a series of vertical stripes usually printed below the address. Sometimes the stripes are printed in luminescent ink. Postal barcode to enable the sorting of mail. From 1961 till 1981 a barcode next to the main cancellation was used for mail from Rotterdam (Nederland) to 64 main cities. There are 4 codes blocs; lowest 2 code blocs contain de city, the uppermost 2 code blocs contain the code machine. In May 1981 the system was stopped and replaced by CMC-7 coding systems. The Netherlands Revenue Service did away with the stamp altogether in 1996 when it introduced diskette mailers for return of a diskette containing an electronic Tax return document. The stamp (top right) has been replaced by a bar coded FIM (Front Identification Mark). In a test of barcode technology in Japan, eight current definitives with barcode added in the margins were sold between June 10 ------------------ Catalog by categories B and Sept. 30, 1996, in 18 post offices of the Kanagawa prefecture. This prefecture includes Yokohama. The barcode were placed in the top and bottom margins adjacent to the four corner stamps. Switzerland introduced the barcode FIM in 1998 but left the imprint of the printed stamp. Year Country 1982 Great Britain 1984 Finland 1986 Canada 1986 Venezuela 1987 Canada 1988 Canada 1989 Canada 1990 Canada 1990 China, Hong Kong 1991 Canada 1992 Canada 1992 New Zealand 1993 Canada 1993 Switzerland 1993 USA 1994 Canada 1994 Finland 1994 Singapore 1995 Canada 1996 China, Republic of 1996 Finland 1997 Brazil 1997 Sweden 1998 Brazil 1998 China, Hong Kong 1998 Germany 1998 Singapore 1999 USA 1999 USA 2000 Finland 2000 Netherland 2000 South Africa 2001 Austria 2001 Belgium 2001 Netherland 2001 Singapore 2002 Argentina 2002 Austria 2002-4 Austria 2002 Canada 2002 Croatia 2002 Hungary 2002 Netherland 2003 Germany Cat. No. GB 03 FIN 06 CAN 13 VNZ 11 CAN 16 CAN 19 CAN 20 CAN 21 HK 04 CAN 22 CAN 24 NWZ 04-04a CAN 25 CH 14-16 USA 31 CAN 28 FIN 16 SIN 20 CAN 29 ROC 28 FIN 20 BZ 25-27 SWE 08 BZ 29-31 HK 12 D 13 SIN 22a-23 USA 39 USA 42-43 FIN 21 NL 42 RSA 04 OS 10 BL 15 NL 45-46 SIN 30 AR 12 OS 13 OS 14 CAN 47a HR 07 HU 35 NL 49 D 23 5
2003 Netherland NL 51 sheet 2003 Netherland NL 53 2003 South Africa RSA 08 2004 Germany D 24 2005 Brazil BZ 42 2005 Netherland NL 54 2005 South Africa RSA 09 2006 Brazil BZ 42A 2007 Belgium BL 21 2007 Netherland NL 56 2007 USA USA 62 2008 Austria OS 33-34 2008 Belgium BL 22 2008 Italy IT 38A, IT 38B, IT 38C 2010 Netherland NL 61 2011 Netherland NL 64A-64B 2013 Brazil BZ 47 block 2014 Portugal POR 37 2015 Cyprus CY 04 2016 China, People’s Republic of PRC 28 2016 Slovenia SLO 20 2017 Albania ALB 10 2018 Brazil BZ 48-50 2018 Germany D 32 2019 Germany D 33 - D 34 Mobile tagging. The 2D data matrix barcode can be read by the tag reader software on your mobile phone (using its camera lens). The software then connects your mobile phone to the BeeTagg on the Swiss stamp on the left directs you to be Swiss Tourism website. A similar system used in Finland goes under the name upcode. Year Country Cat. No. 2007 Switzerland CH 27 2008 Finland FIN 23-24 Quick Response code - QR code. A QR code is a type of 2D matrix barcode first designed for the automotive industry. The code consists of black modules arranged in a square pattern on a white background. The information encoded can be made up of any kind of data (e.g., binary, alphanumeric or Kanji symbols). Created by Toyota subsidiary Denso Wave in 1994 to track vehicles during the manufacturing process, the QR code is one of the most popular types of 2D barcode. It was designed to allow its contents to be decoded at high speed. Year Country Cat. No. 2010 Netherland NL 63 2011 Australia AU 38 sheet 6 ------------------ Catalog by categories B 2011 2012 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2017 2017 2017 2018 2018 2018 China, Republic of ROC 39 China, Hong Kong HK 31-32 Cook Is. COK 01-02 Croatia HR 11 Grenada GRE 20 Grenada Grenadines GREG 06 Liechtenstein LIE 10 Liberia LBR 04-05 Korea, South SK 38 Brazil BZ 44 Germany D 30-31 Hungary HU 47 Iceland IC 08 Italy IT 42 Netherland NL 66 Russian Federation RU 10 Slovenia SLO 17-18 Bosnia & Herzegovina BH 05 Bosnia & Herzegovina - Serb admin. - Republic of Srpska BHS 04 Croatia HR 12-13 Greece GR 08-11 Hungary HU 48-50 Luxembourg LUX 17 Moldova MD 12a San Marino SAN 10 Russian Federation RU 10-11 Thailand THI 43 Italy, Private Post - GPS ITPP 01 France FR 45-46 Greece GR13-16 Poland PL 26-28 Russian Federation RU12-15 Spain ESP 24 Thailand THI 44 France FR 47-48 India IN 20 Italy IT 42 Netherlands NL 83 Slovakia SLV 07 United Arab Emirates UAE 08 China, People’s Republic PRC 28 China, Republic of ROC 40 France FR 49 Hungary HU 50 Italy, Private Post - GPS ITPP 02 Japan J 23A Malaysia MLY 35-36 Bhutan BHU 09-11 Italy IT 43 Japan J 25 Belarus BEL 05 China, Hong Kong HK 35 Gibraltar GIB 07
2018 Poland PL 29-30 2018 Portugal, Private Post PORPP 01 2019 Belgium BL 24-25 2019 Bhutan BHU 12-13 2019 Brazil, Private Post BZPP 01 2019 France FR 50 2019 Norway NOR 13 2019 Norway NOR 15 2020 China, People’s Republic PRC 36 2020 Croatia HR 14-15 2020 Italy IT 44 2020 Japan J 26 2020 Kyrgystan KYZ 05 2020 Niger NIG 20 2020 Norway NOR 16 Chameleon code (C-code) is a hidden code which is embedded within an image. C code is a next generation of tagging codes. The Ccode transforms traditional offline marketing, such as print advertising, images in magazines, packaging, stamps and billboards into interactive relevant and multimedia platforms. Year Country Cat. No. 2011 Netherland NL 64A-64a-64B 2012 Netherland NL65-70 2013 Finland FIN 25 2013 Netherland NL71-73 2014 Netherland NL 74-82 2015 Netherlands NL 83 2019 Netherlands NL 84-91 2019 Netherlands NL 93-101 ---------------------------------- Binary code The binary system stands at the basis of computer technology. In this system each digit of a number is multiplied by a progressively higher power of 2. Binary code - ones and zeros. Example: 11101 binary = 29 decimal (1*24 + 1*23 + 1*22 + 0*21 + 1*20). Year Country Cat. No. 1966 Czechoslovakia CZ 05 1967 Canada CAN 01 1987 Tunisia TUN 10 1987 USA USA 19 1990 Israel IL 12 1991 Great Britain, Man GBM 02 1988 Iceland IC 03 1995 Malta MAT 05 1996 Canada CAN 30 1997 China, People’s Republic of PRC 11 1997 Nigeria NIG 12 1998 Netherland, Antilles NEA 12 1998 Venezuela VNZ 21 ------------------ Catalog by categories B 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006 Venezuela VNZ 25-26 Canada CAN 35 Canada CAN 37 Canada CAN 40 China, People’s Republic of PRC 16 Great Britain GB 14 Sweden SWE 09 Canada CAN 41 Canada CAN 43 Canada CAN 46 China, Hong Kong HK 13-14 Finland FIN 21 Hungary HU 33 Pakistan PAK 08 Portugal POR 17 Portugal POR 19 Saint Vincent STV 14 Sweden SWE 10 B&H Croat Admin. BHC 02 China, Macao MAC 09 China, Republic of ROC 36 Korea, South SK 20 Pitcairn Islands PIT 05-08 Portugal POR 22 Viet Nam VIT 12-13 China, Hong Kong HK 19 Cuba CUB 15 Indonesia IND 23 Korea, South SK 23 Maldives Is. MLV 11 Mexico MEX 34 Thailand THI 31 China, People’s Republic of PRC 18 China, Hong Kong HK 24 China, Macao MAC 14 Egypt EGY 10 Hungary HU 37 Iran IRA 13 Korea, South SK 25-26 Netherland NL 51 Egypt EGY 12 Great Britain GB 19 Hungary HU 38-41 Madagascar MK 06 Malaysia MLY 27 Viet Nam VIT 17 Yemen, Republic of YR 02 China, Republic of ROC 38 China, Hong Kong HK 26 Egypt EGY 15 Oman, Sultanate of OM 05 Tunisia TUN 32 Viet Nam VIT 19 Azerbaijan AZ 06 7
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